ταπεινόω

ταπεινόω
ταπεινόω (ταπεινός) fut. ταπεινώσω; 1 aor. ἐταπείνωσα. Pass.: 1 fut. ταπεινωθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐταπεινώθην; pf. ptc. τεταπεινωμένος (Hippocr. et al.; LXX; En 106:1; EpArist 257; Philo, Joseph.) gener. ‘lower, make low’
① to cause to be at a lower point, lower (Diod S 1, 36, 8; Bar 5:7; En 1:6; PsSol 11:4) ὄρος, βουνόν level a mountain, hill Lk 3:5 (Is 40:4).
② to cause someone to lose prestige or status, humble, humiliate, abase, done esp. to slaves, fig. ext. of 1
ⓐ w. focus on reversal of status ταπ. ἑαυτόν humble oneself of Christ, who went voluntarily to his death Phil 2:8 (s. on the whole pass. the lit. s.v. ἁρπαγμός and κενόω 1b; also KThieme, D. ταπεινοφροσύνη Phil 2 u. Ro 12: ZNW 8, 1907, 9–33). Of Paul, who did not hesitate to work w. his hands degrade 2 Cor 11:7. ὅστις ταπεινώσει ἑαυτὸν ὑψωθήσεται (ταπ. … ὑψόω: Chilon in Diog. L. 1, 69) Mt 23:12b; cp. Lk 14:11b; 18:14b (s. also 2b below). Also the pass. (Hyperid. 6, 10; Jos., Ant. 18, 147) Mt 23:12a; Lk 14:11a; 18:14a (cp. X., An. 6, 3, 18 θεὸς τοὺς μεγαληγορήσαντας ταπεινῶσαι βούλεται).
ⓑ w. focus on shaming, w. acc. of pers. or thing treated in this manner (Diod S 8, 25, 1; Orig., C. Cels. 3, 62, 29) μὴ ταπεινώσῃ με ὁ θεὸς πρὸς ὑμᾶς that God may not humiliate me before you 2 Cor 12:21. κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἐταπείνωσέν με σφόδρα the Lord God has profoundly shamed me GJs 2:3. τὶ ἐταπείνωσας τὴν ψυχήν σοὺ; Why have you so disgraced yourself? GJs 13:2; 15:3.
ⓒ w. focus on punitive aspect (Diod S 13, 24, 6 Tyche [Fortune] ταπεινοῖ τοὺς ὑπερηφάνους; Cyranides p. 49, 12 ἐχθρούς) confound, overthrow τοὺς ὑψηλούς 1 Cl 59:3b; ὕβριν ὑπερηφάνων vs. 3a. Cp. B 4:4f (Da 7:24).—ταπεινόω can also refer to external losses, approx. = ‘hold down, harm’ (Petosiris, Fgm. 6 ln. 21 [act.] and 24 [pass.]).
③ to cause to be or become humble in attitude, humble, make humble in a favorable sense (Philod., περὶ κακιῶν col. 22, 3 = p. 38 Jensen ἑαυτόν; Celsus 3, 62 αὑτόν) ὅστις ταπεινώσει ἑαυτὸν ὡς τὸ παιδίον τοῦτο Mt 18:4. So perh. also 23:12b; Lk 14:11b; 18:14b (s. 2a above). ταπεινοῦσθαι humble oneself, become humble (Menand., Fgm. 754, 6 Kö.=544, 6 Kock τὴν θεὸν ἐξιλάσαντο τῷ ταπεινοῦσθαι σφόδρα; Sir 18:21; GrBar 7:5 ἐταπεινώθην φόβῳ μεγάλῳ) ταπεινώθητε ἐνώπιον κυρίου Js 4:10. ταπεινώθητε ὑπὸ τὴν χεῖρα τοῦ θεοῦ bow down beneath the hand of God (cp. Gen 16:9) 1 Pt 5:6. καρδία τεταπεινωμένη a humbled heart 1 Cl 18:17 (Ps 50:19). ψυχὴ τεταπεινωμένη B 3:5 (Is 58:10.—Cp. Diod S 20, 53, 3 τῇ ψυχῇ ταπεινωθείς; 20, 77, 3 ἐταπεινώθη τὴν ψυχήν). Corresp. ὀστᾶ τεταπεινωμένα 1 Cl 18:8 (Ps 50:10).—KThieme, D. christl. Demut I (history of the word, and humility in Jesus) 1906; DFyffe, ET 35, 1924, 377–79. S. also πραΰτης, end.
④ to subject to strict discipline, constrain, mortify. In accordance w. OT usage, ταπεινοῦν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ψυχήν (Lev 16:29, 31; 23:27; Ps 34:13; Is 58:3 al.) or ταπεινοῦσθαι (Sir 34:26; 2 Esdr 8:21; the prayers for vengeance fr. Rheneia [Dssm., LO 353f, LAE 413ff=SIG 1181, 11] θεὸς ᾧ πᾶσα ψυχὴ ταπεινοῦται; s. Dssm., LO 357f, LAE 419) means to mortify oneself GJs 2:2; B 3:1, 3 (Is 58:5); Hm 4, 2, 2 (s. ταπεινοφροσύνη). οἶδα ταπεινοῦσθαι (opp. περισσεύειν) of an austere regimen: I know how to do w. little (cp. ταπεινός Pla. Leg. 762e; s. also Plut., Mor. 7e) Phil 4:12.—WCvanUnnik, Zur Bedeutung von ταπεινοῦν τὴν ψυχήν bei den Apost. Vätern, ZNW 44, ’52f, 250–55. On the whole word: ESchweizer, Erniedrigung u. Erhöhung bei Jesus u. s. Nachfolgern ’55.—DELG s.v. ταπεινός. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία. 2015.

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  • ταπεινοῖ — ταπεινόω lower pres ind mp 2nd sg ταπεινόω lower pres opt act 3rd sg ταπεινόω lower pres ind act 3rd sg …   Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)

  • ταπεινοῦν — ταπεινόω lower pres part act masc voc sg ταπεινόω lower pres part act neut nom/voc/acc sg ταπεινόω lower pres inf act (epic doric) …   Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)

  • ταπεινοῦσθε — ταπεινόω lower pres imperat mp 2nd pl ταπεινόω lower pres ind mp 2nd pl ταπεινόω lower imperf ind mp 2nd pl (homeric ionic) …   Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)

  • ταπεινοῦτε — ταπεινόω lower pres imperat act 2nd pl ταπεινόω lower pres ind act 2nd pl ταπεινόω lower imperf ind act 2nd pl (homeric ionic) …   Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)

  • ταπεινώμεθα — ταπεινόω lower pres subj mp 1st pl ταπεινόω lower pres ind mp 1st pl (doric aeolic) ταπεινόω lower imperf ind mp 1st pl (doric aeolic) …   Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)

  • ταπεινώσουσι — ταπεινόω lower aor subj act 3rd pl (epic) ταπεινόω lower fut part act masc/neut dat pl (attic epic doric ionic) ταπεινόω lower fut ind act 3rd pl (attic epic doric ionic) …   Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)

  • ταπεινώσουσιν — ταπεινόω lower aor subj act 3rd pl (epic) ταπεινόω lower fut part act masc/neut dat pl (attic epic doric ionic) ταπεινόω lower fut ind act 3rd pl (attic epic doric ionic) …   Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)

  • ταπεινώσω — ταπεινόω lower aor subj act 1st sg ταπεινόω lower fut ind act 1st sg ταπεινόω lower aor ind mid 2nd sg (homeric ionic) …   Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)

  • τεταπεινωμένα — ταπεινόω lower perf part mp neut nom/voc/acc pl τεταπεινωμένᾱ , ταπεινόω lower perf part mp fem nom/voc/acc dual τεταπεινωμένᾱ , ταπεινόω lower perf part mp fem nom/voc sg (doric aeolic) …   Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)

  • ταπεινουμένων — ταπεινόω lower pres part mp fem gen pl ταπεινόω lower pres part mp masc/neut gen pl …   Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)

  • ταπεινοῦμεν — ταπεινόω lower pres ind act 1st pl ταπεινόω lower imperf ind act 1st pl (homeric ionic) …   Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)

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